Impact of Cultural Heritage on Bryce Courtenay and Ernest Hemingway :: Biography Biographies Essays

Impact of Cultural Heritage on Bryce Courtenay and Ernest Hemingway Throughout the world, there are many diverse cultures, each of these distinct cultures have different backgrounds, rituals and practices. These cultures have a profound effect on the minds of their inhabitants. It's a person's culture which effects their thoughts, beliefs and their outlook upon life. It doesn't matter where you are from or where you go to, you always have a piece of your culture with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritage's and background which molds your mind, and your thoughts of how you perceive the world around you. In every culture different aspects of the society are viewed differently. Some cultures share similarities with other cultures about how they view things. In many cultures sports plays a key role in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the sports. No matter where you are from, sports will always play a role in the society. Many times in literature you can tell where the setting is or where the author is from by the way the community or society in the literature view sports. If you look at the literature that authors produce and where they are from, you will notice a common trend in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the writer affects the perspective in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the writers perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the setting of the story and the everyday activities that the character go through. Two prime examples of how an authors cultural heritage affects the perspective that they write from is the South African author Bryce Courtenay and the American author Ernest Hemingway. Bryce Courtenay was born and raised in South Africa and received his early education there. He spend the majority of his adolescent life in South Africa and in his final year in Africa he spent it in the copper mines of Central Africa, before he moved to England to complete his education.1 Courtenay spent his early life in Africa, and the African culture had a profound affect him. His time in the copper mines also had a penetrating effect on him and it is visible in his writing, when he wrote about the mines in Africa.

Age Ain’t Nothing But a Number Essay -- Essays Papers

Age Ain’t Nothing But a Number During the last thirty years, there has been an increase in violent crimes committed by minors. In many of these cases, the minors are faced with harsher charges than what the law declares, such as being charged as adults. The majority of the United States justifies the age 18 as when an individual is no longer considered a minor. Yet, in the past ten years, the United States has seen the age of individuals being charged as adults drop. For example, in 1993, Nathan Dunlap a seventeen year-old from my hometown Aurora, Colorado was sentenced to the death penalty and eight years later, twelve year-old Lionel Tate of Fort Lauderdale, Florida was charged with life in prison. Currently the United States government has established age requirements for a minor to be charged as an adult because it is a â€Å"quick and ready pragmatic definition† (Overton 109). However, a simple age limit is not the proper method in determining charges against an individual. Since each American has a different mindset due to their experiences, upbringings, and morals, our laws should reflect that diversity. The court system of the United States should replace the method of using the chronological age of a minor to their mental age when determining the charges against an individual, because it is the state of one’s mentality that leads them to commit a crime. During the late eighteen-hundreds, the U.S. added a branch of law that specifically focused on juveniles. The location of the nation’s first juvenile court for children under the age of 16 opened in 1899 in Chicago, Illinois. The purpose of the juvenile court was to rehabilitate criminals instead of prosecuting them as adults. The social reformers that propos... ...rd ed. New York: Arnold Publishers, 1999. 16-53. - â€Å"History of Intelligence Testing†. IQTest. Google. 4 Feb. 2005 . - â€Å"Interview with Deborah Yurgelum-Todd†. Frontline: Inside the Teenage Brain. 2002. PBS.org. 6 Feb. 2005 . - â€Å"Interview with Jay Giedd, M.D.†. Frontline: Inside the Teenage Brain. 2002. PBS.org. 6 Feb 2005 . - McKibben, Ginny. â€Å"Court Files Hold Details of Slayings Accounts of Dunlap’s ‘Confession’.† The Denver Post. 1 Jan. 1996. ProQuest. 28 Jan. 2005 . - Overton, Willis F. â€Å"Chapter 3: Developmental Psychology: Philosophy, Concepts, and Methodology†. Handbook of Children Psychology. 5th ed. Ed. William Damon. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. 109. Age Ain’t Nothing But a Number Essay -- Essays Papers Age Ain’t Nothing But a Number During the last thirty years, there has been an increase in violent crimes committed by minors. In many of these cases, the minors are faced with harsher charges than what the law declares, such as being charged as adults. The majority of the United States justifies the age 18 as when an individual is no longer considered a minor. Yet, in the past ten years, the United States has seen the age of individuals being charged as adults drop. For example, in 1993, Nathan Dunlap a seventeen year-old from my hometown Aurora, Colorado was sentenced to the death penalty and eight years later, twelve year-old Lionel Tate of Fort Lauderdale, Florida was charged with life in prison. Currently the United States government has established age requirements for a minor to be charged as an adult because it is a â€Å"quick and ready pragmatic definition† (Overton 109). However, a simple age limit is not the proper method in determining charges against an individual. Since each American has a different mindset due to their experiences, upbringings, and morals, our laws should reflect that diversity. The court system of the United States should replace the method of using the chronological age of a minor to their mental age when determining the charges against an individual, because it is the state of one’s mentality that leads them to commit a crime. During the late eighteen-hundreds, the U.S. added a branch of law that specifically focused on juveniles. The location of the nation’s first juvenile court for children under the age of 16 opened in 1899 in Chicago, Illinois. The purpose of the juvenile court was to rehabilitate criminals instead of prosecuting them as adults. The social reformers that propos... ...rd ed. New York: Arnold Publishers, 1999. 16-53. - â€Å"History of Intelligence Testing†. IQTest. Google. 4 Feb. 2005 . - â€Å"Interview with Deborah Yurgelum-Todd†. Frontline: Inside the Teenage Brain. 2002. PBS.org. 6 Feb. 2005 . - â€Å"Interview with Jay Giedd, M.D.†. Frontline: Inside the Teenage Brain. 2002. PBS.org. 6 Feb 2005 . - McKibben, Ginny. â€Å"Court Files Hold Details of Slayings Accounts of Dunlap’s ‘Confession’.† The Denver Post. 1 Jan. 1996. ProQuest. 28 Jan. 2005 . - Overton, Willis F. â€Å"Chapter 3: Developmental Psychology: Philosophy, Concepts, and Methodology†. Handbook of Children Psychology. 5th ed. Ed. William Damon. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. 109.

Reinventing Government in the United States Post Service :: Politics Mail Papers

Reinventing Government in the United States Post Service In this research paper, I will discuss an overview of reinventing government in the United States Postal Service. The purpose of reinventing government is to make government work better, cost less, and get results. I will also provide examples of how reinventing has effected the organization. I will touch upon some of the history of the United States Postal Service, some of its plans for the year 2000, and how the concept of reinventing government has improved the voice of the customer, employee and the business. President Bill Clinton, January 27, 2000 stated the â€Å"we reinvented government, transforming it into a catalyst for new ideas that stress both opportunity and responsibility, and give our people the tools they need to solve their own problems.† History United States Postal Service dates back to 1775 when the Continental Congress named Benjamin Franklin the first Postmaster General. The United States was a weak confederation of colonies scattered along the eastern seaboard. The postal system that was created by Congress helped bind the new nation together and made possible the growth of commerce. In 1971 the Post Office Department was transformed into the United States Postal Service, a quasi government corporation. It became an independent establishment of the executive branch of the Government of the United States. The mission of the Postal Service remained the same, as stated in Title 39 of the U.S. Code: â€Å"The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal service to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient service to patrons in all areas and shall render postal service to all communities.† Today, William Henderson is the 71st Postmaster. He was appointed the PMG and CEO of the United States Postal Service on May 16, 1998. The USPS is an agency that employs 800,000 career and 100,000 temporary employees. There are 40,000 Post Offices, and USPS maintains some 300 plants nationwide. The Postal Service fuels the nation’s economy and delivers hundreds of millions of messages and billions of dollars in financial transactions each day to eight million businesses and 250 million Americans. The United States Postal Service is becoming more businesslike and responsive to customer needs. In the process they are better able to compete with other carriers, such as, Federal Express and United Parcel Service (UPS).

Indigenous People Essay

The term indigenous has caused controversy across the world as some people see it an offensive name to describe people, the name is not the only thing that has caused a controversy also the people that this name applies to. Hence there have been many definitions of this word to try and make it more euphemism. Kuper (2003) agrees that this term causes a lot of debate. He argues that however most people prefer the word indigenous because it’s more euphemism than the term native and primitive, he also points out the fact that the name of the people that are seen as indigenous have also changed. We now have for example, Saami for Lapp, Inuit for Eskimo and San for Bushman† (Kuper, 2003:389). According to Kenrick and Lewis (2004) there are four principles that should be considered when defining indigenous people which are; â€Å"priority in time, with respect to the occupation and use of a specific territory, the voluntary perpetuation of cultural distinctiveness, self identification as well as recognition by other groups and state authorities , as a distinct collectivity and an experience of subjugation, marginalization, dispossession, exclusion or discrimination† (Kenrick and Lewis, 2004:5) . Indigenous people across the world are constantly fighting for recognition, they want what is rightfully theirs that is their land they also want their culture back as they are forced to adapt to the culture of the majority. This essay will look at debates around the efforts that they have made to try and bring back their culture. â€Å"Indigenous people are constrained to present their culture in ways that reinforce the dominant society’s worldview† (Kenrick and Lewis, 2004:9). As stated above indigenous people are fighting for recognition as they are treated unfair by their governments, as a result of colonization they had to stop practicing their rituals, hunt and gather food because they were forced to adopt to the western way of doing things. Even Kuper (2003) agrees to this when He states that indigenous people â€Å"demand recognition for alternative ways if understanding the world, but ironically enough they do so in the idiom of western culture theory† (Kuper, 2003:395). An example would the Bushman of Botswana and the Abatwa people of KwaZulu-Natal. The San of Botswana were forced to move from where they were staying because according to their government they were living there illegally. They were placed in the Central Kalahari game reserve where they were not even allowed to hunt for food because it is against the law (Kuper 2003). Even â€Å"Environmentalists complained that that residents were keeping donkeys that interfered with the game and that they were engaged in poaching† (Kuper, 2003:393). They found themselves restricted by rules as to what they should and should not do; they were restricted by the law when they had to practice their rituals and culture. It became worse when the â€Å"Botswana court refused to order the government to continue to provide services to people living in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve† (Kuper, 2003: 392). They found themselves working which was something that they were not used to do. It can be argued that this change must have affected them emotionally as one now had work to support their own family. Bushman rely on each other on almost everything as sharing is one of their characteristics; they share things like Tobacco, meat and plant food that was gathered. The Botswana government was unfair and inconsiderate in a way; what happens to households where there is an elderly person who can’t look for work? Or households where people have been trying to look for work and have no luck? Because people now used money to satisfy their needs and wants they no longer depended on natural resources that they used to share, sharing what you’ve worked hard for is hard. The Bushman of KwaZulu-Natal usually known as Abatwa were facing similar problem to that of the San of Botswana. They were also restricted by law when they had to perform their rituals, especially from the provincial heritage organization called Amafa. According to Francis (2010) â€Å"Amafa has acknowledged that the Abatwa people are the descendents of the painters, but limits their access to their heritage. By dictating who could enter and when, Amafa impinged on the community and what it felt was their rights† (Francis, 2010: 48). As stated above the Abatwa people are not in control of their heritage there are people who make decisions for them regarding what is rightfully theirs. Francis (2010) states that there is a fence around the paintings and rocks that belong to the Abatwa people. He states the Abatwa people â€Å"feel ostracized from their heritage and dread future dealings with Amafa, already their general access to the rock art sites is restricted and as such they rarely visit the main caves. † (Francis, 2010: 48). The Amafa use the Abatwa heritage to attract tourists and make money, they also use them for educational tours where students studying archeology come and study those rocks (Francis, 2010) That doesn’t end there Francis (2010) also point out that their rituals are a public thing instead of private as they are people guarding them when they perform them, they are also ordered not to touch these rocks. There are also a limited number of people that must attend rituals. Despite of all the challenges that these people face they still did not given up on trying to assert their indigenous identities. An example would be again of the Abatwa people of KwaZulu-Natal. According to Francis (2010) these people are Zulu speakers who decided to â€Å"reassert a San/Bushmen ethnicity in a region where all San are supposedly extinct or fully assimilated† (Francis, 2010: 41). They live in the Drakensberg Mountains and have done so much to re-event their culture, they do that with help of archaeologists, anthropologists, they read and also their memories by remembering the pieces of their past (Francis, 2010). Since they cannot remember all the ceremonies that their ancestors use to do they came up with new ones, these ceremonies follow up â€Å"from other cultural practices and beliefs and oral memories that can be traced back six generations to a point when the ancestors lived as hunter-gatherers† (Francis, 2010:42). The most practiced ceremony that they made up is called the eland ceremony which is to honor the crossing of the dead into afterlife where they live with their ancestors (Francis, 2010). According to Francis (2010) the eland ceremony â€Å"has a central figure in San cosmology long before the advent of colonialism† (Francis, 2010:45). This ceremony shows the struggle that the Abatwa are going through in trying to reclaim their identity, as some of them have left their culture and followed the dominant ethnic group (Francis, 2010). These ceremonies that they perform are a â€Å"defiant refusal to give what is gone† (Francis, 2010:49). The Abatwa do so much to claim their identity back, they feel that regardless of what they lost the little they have is worth keeping (Francis, 2010). One of the major challenges that indigenous people have face is the fact that people expect them to behave like their fore fathers. According to Besten (2011) there has been a debate going on about how indigenous people have changed. In nowadays many of them do not practice their rituals, they do not wear their traditional clothing and they do not speak the languages of their ancestors. Besten (2011) argues that there has been a lot a stereotyping of the indigenous people, many scholars still expect them to do exactly what their ancestors were doing. He states that â€Å"Popular image suggest definite and unchanging markers of Khoe-Sanness, such a being short in stature, having yellow-brown skin, using click languages, hunting, gathering or herding and wearing clothing made from animal skins† (Besten, 2011:176). It can be argued that the fact that indigenous people have changed and adapted to western ways of doing things might have an impact on them not taken serious in trying to reassert their identities. As stated in the first part of this essay indigenous people were forced to lose their identities by adapting to the western ways of thing and according to Besten (2011) that has backfired. Besten (2011) states that indigenous people â€Å"are not likely to be taken seriously if they do not conform to, or approximate their primordialist and essentialist expectations† (Besten, 2011:179). According to Besten (2011) indigenous people who are lacking the qualities mentioned above are called fake. The above statements suggest that if indigenous people want to be recognized and taken seriously by people they must go back to their ancient ways of doing thing which is not easy as their lands and identities were taken and there are laws now that restrict them from doing their rituals. Indigenous people do not need to conform to certain labels that are put on them in order to be recognized. The media and scholars have played a major role in this stereotyping of indigenous people. â€Å"A primordalist and essential discourse about the Khoe-San has manifested itself at various sites, notably in museums, the media and school history books† (Besten, 2011: 177). In almost all museums around the world San people are projected as â€Å"Quintessential human beings of nature† (Besten, 2011: 182). They are shown with grass house, wearing animal skins or half naked children with big tummies. Besten (2011) argues that westerners longing to see Bushman led to exploitation of these people. He made an example of the Khomani people who lived in Kagga Kama how they were stereotypically presented in the media (Besten, 2011). To help market the Kagga Kama Khomani were asked to demonstrate a â€Å"vulnerable , natural hunter-gathering way of life with the help of reserve owners† (Besten, 2011:186). These people were asked to fake who they were so that they can attract tourists, they were asked to wear their traditional clothing and grass houses were built to live in (Besten, 2011). These people used the San culture for their own benefit, they portrayed them the exact same way that people expect them to be. In an effort to claim their identities and to be recognized, indigenous people have managed to take the stereotyping to their advantage. They have decided to embrace those stereotypical characteristics. In every conference or public gathering that they were invited to they would wear they traditional clothes and speak their languages. According to Besten (2011) in a conference on Oudtshoorn a Bushman who spoke ! Xun language opened and closed the ceremony with prayed He pointed the fact that this prayer not only â€Å"reflected the religiosity of conferee, but were also significant acts of cultural, linguistic and psychological affirmation† (Besten, 2011:184). Also in a conference that was held in South Africa Cultural and History Museum a Khoe-Khoe chief was wearing his eye-catching traditional clothing which was a veil and headband bearing leopard design (Besten, 2011) , telling people to take pride in their culture and origin. When Sara Baartman the Khoe-San woman whose body was displayed in a museum in France’s remain came to be buried in South Africa the Neo-inqua chief performed traditional Khoe-San ritual which included burning aloes and sprinkling water all over her coffin (Besten, 2011). The above scenarios illustrate the efforts that they have tried in claiming back their identity and how they have taken these stereotypical characteristics that people have about them and embraced them. In conclusion indigenous people have done a lot to try and reclaim their identity but it seem like their efforts are falling on deaf ears. They are not taken seriously by their government and they are expected to fit in a stereotype in order to be recognized. Their efforts are exploited and misused by their governments. They are used as tourist attraction by some people their governments are fully aware of that but they are not doing anything about it. When they want to perform their rituals they are not given privacy that they deserve not only privacy but they cannot even access their heritage. But they still do not give up, each and every day the struggle continues.

Human Relations Case Study Essay

1. Personality is a relatively motionless set of propertys that aids in explaining and predicting individualistic bearing. What be some of fake Cubans traits that female genitalia explain his behavior during Maverick games?You have to excuse me for strait naive but I had no idea who brand Cuban was after reading about him, Im not sure I uniform him. I find his behavior slopped and childish from the outside looking in. nevertheless when I began to read about his chore savvy did I find Mr. Cuban tolerable. I find that he is a fan/owner but relieve an owner and he must be a stark worker because you presumet just f every last(predicate) into a position of that caliber. I count he poses a very driven and inflexible personality and marker was quoted on Forbes.com as offering the key personality trait that lead to his success is I worked hard and smarter than close to people in the caper I have been in. To me this sound arrogant but it full treatment for him on th at pointfore, because point out Cuban remembers in himself he asshole act out as a eccentric fan because he doesnt find oneselfm to mind the money or the respect it costs him.2. Would you describe rig Cuban as a causa A or Type B personality tokenface?I would say that tier Cuban is 100% reference A. Some of the key characteristics that lead me to believe this is that most type As have a exaggerated horse smack of time making everything they do get hold very urgent. I go off see this in Mr. Cuban and it makes more sense when hes jumping near and screaming because the event that he loves is a timed sport. Also, type A personalities angle to be very competitive, and see everything as a challenge which chump shows at every game3. Why is Mark Cuban described as someone with an internal locus of verify?somebody with an internal locus of control believes that outcomes are determined by their perfor worldce, they like to control every aspect of their life. I merchant shi p see where a self motivated and well educated person much(prenominal) as Mark may be described as a control freak.4. The Big Five baby-sit of Personality categorizes traits into the dimensions of surgency, agreeableness, adjustment, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Which of these dimensions are strongest or clearly evident in Mark Cubans personality?I would say that the strongest traits that I was able to hunt would be conscientiousness because I think that any business man of Mark Cubans caliber would have to be two efficient and organized in put in to be successful. Anformer(a) trait would be surgency, Any You Tube video of a Mavericks game willing show Mark jumping out of his seat for the integral game leading me to believe that he is both out tone ending and obviously cold more energetic than myself5. Is Mark Cuban projecting a positive or negative image with his eccentric behavior during Maverick games?I instantly persuasion Mark Cuban was a all over t he top jerk and he gave me a negative feeling. Being a type A personality I can see where someone may sweep up that he wouldnt be my type of people, however I feel that its deeper than that. I tend to shy international from look at me people and I feel that he is intentionally put on a show. There is a part of me that has to respect a hard working business man like Cuban but the carriage he displays his emotions is atrocious. I can also see how this behavior is a laughable business move, making fans either ease up hard lovers or completely abhor the Mavericks.6. Mark Cuban has had a cluster of disagreements with the NBA Commissioner that have resulted in fines totaling almost a million dollars. Each incident brings a lot of publicity to the team and Cuban himself most of it negative. Chapter 1 discusses three alternatives for resolution human relations problems swap the other person, change the situation or change yourself. Which approach or combination of approaches wil l you recommend for Mark Cuban and why?I think that in most situations a combination approach works well and I would tell Mark that in order to avoid all these fines, and turn them into fans you need to change yourself. I would say that hes going to have to acknowledge the way hes behaving and want to change for himself. If Mr. Cuban cant control his out-burst so maybe its time he admits he has a problem and can no longer attend the games therefore changing the situation.

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the other people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes wired and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional social life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can old keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Implementing change is rather difficult.The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The latter case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of t he company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the long fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they what are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.Recognizing change may be battle.

1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous scientific research studies have focused on the models and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is analytic continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting few more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.Change is inevitable and its constant.Literature Review2.1. Adopting to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to significant change in an organization.Everyone has obviously noticed the change in the markets.

As the time passes, the business real world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can good fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became the less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the static main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the public key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people empty can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same first time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the modern technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations consider also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing cold working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.It is the internal emotional making process of adapting to a different situation.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization old has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that technological how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their new strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s specific requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.Know how you react to pressure in your very own way that is distinctive! Over-training or spi nal injury outcomes if stress may not be tolerated.

All of this has to be select done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good logical and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and asked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or good company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the particular client or customers asking for change.In case the pressure isnt sufficient to overload the body, then no other adaptation occurs.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies free will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so how that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management divine must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. how This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Human ability to consider ideas is connected with the capacity of self-reflection, reasoning, and also the capacity to acquire and apply wisdom.

In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to last get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of click all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful way, otherwise there is no good chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of deeds that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the first time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization good will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.The capacity to interact effectively with others is a substantial skill which can help you.In this regard the senior management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and concerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not worth something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very more necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.Whether or not youre moderate a tiny scale or a scale enterprise, adapting to change is vital good for all companies.

The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of new skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so deeds that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to how this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and best can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.Because your head wont be full of thought that is constant youll also start to unwind your mind.This unclear image green led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication links between the management logical and the employees. Wh en the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done keyword with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally great unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies how are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers.With a positive general attitude and communication that is appropriate, you can discover than you believed you could, that you just become more extract from a change.

Extraction of Benzoic Acid

ledger entry The speculation puke the stock of a source tallying benzoic stinging, cellulose, and methyl group radical group group radical chromatic tree involves m any(prenominal) other(prenominal) comp angiotensin-converting enzyments pertaining to the primaeval ideas of solvability and preindication. apply the beliefs of similar dissipation ilk and dit abode contradictions, a ancestor of entire sour (benzoic point), a pee supply system fat- oil- dissolvable entangled cellulose, and an positive soluble fuse methyl orangeness, put forward be obscure and benzoic dosage feces be discriminate by a manner of pargonntage.At the sound level, positive fertilizer ut close to results illuminate from sedimentary terminations base on their vary densities, typically the complete class be slight faint and consequently on devolve of the sedimentary stratum1. and in that locationfore any solutes in those ascendents ar to a fault d ivide and preserve be isolated from iodine a nonher. This phenomenon is the hind end for the liquified-liquid line of descent and leads into the concept of the splitter coefficient. fit to MtCg the balance of concentproportionns of a solute in all(prenominal) point is delimitate by the splitter coefficient K, where K = C2 / C1.The dissemination coefficient so-and-so thusly be viewed as the ratio of the soaking up of the intricate in entire solvent to the density of the akin intricate in sedimentary etymon. This ageless allows for the calculation of intensify state coalesce in for each one degree of the radical, so that by and by several(prenominal) inceptions, the subject butt be capable for the purposes of the experiment. A second base display case of filiation, blistery-base stock, involves the summation of venereal diseases and bases in mellownts to change the house of ingrained red-hots and bases to their match soluble salts2.Thi s allows us to motor prefer of the liquid-liquid stemma to smash ingrained pane of glasss and bases from firmness classifications. such blood foundation be come acrossed chemically busy extraction be wooing the polarity of one nerve is adapted to summation solvability in water. This typecast of extraction is demand when both compounds are non-polar and fade away hearty in innate fertilizer fertilizer solvents. For essay 1 filiation of benzoic Acid, a source of benzoic deadly, cellulose and methyl orange go away beginning(a) be added to vinyl ethyl ethyl divinyl ether, het up and filtered to disunite the thorough non-water-soluble cellulose expiration benzoic caustic nd methyl orange. therefore aft(prenominal) adding NaOH, the benzoic acid leave react to turn the water-soluble salt, atomic number 11 benzoate, which rat be dislocated via the liquid extraction technique. lastly adding HCl to the sedimentary atomic number 11 benzoate le ad cause the acid-base reaction to bear with restoring benzoic acid in the native stratum and NaCl in the water stratum. Reagent plank experimental To start, a ascendant of diethyl ether was merge with 4. 06g of primitive benzoic acid with devil impurities.Boiling stones were added to the mixture and change oer the steam clean toilet until the ether event began to boil. at one era the reply was turn to close to expeditiously dissolve the inorganic part of the solution, the ether insoluble sensible was filtered by of solution exploitation the Buchner displace shape nihility filtration technique. The sink in ether rest was added to a separatory funnel with 30mL of 1M NaOH, mixed and evince gracefully, and accordingly be as the solution colonised into describe organic and sedimentary forges.The stinkpot layer ( sedimentary) was all in(p) from the separatory funnel into a beaker and another 30mL of NaOH was added to the left(p) everywhere ether , swirled and vented, separated, and the sedimentary layer run protrude shoot into the same(p) beaker as the prototypic aqueous extraction. succeeding(a) the aqueous solution that was self-contained was cooled on screwball and 50mL of chilled 6M HCl was added to the mixture. At this point, a Bruchner funnel was apply to garner the lusty come down via pointlessness filtration and those collect crystals were weighed out and roach diversion for the recrystalization of benzoic acid.Results The almost meaning(a) measurements make during this research science laboratory were the sign burthen of the bare-assed benzoic acid, which was 4. 06g, and the voltaic pile of the crystals subsequently the dissolution from the ii impurities, 4. 88g. The item that the crystals weighed more than than the start visible bottom be accounted for ground on the want of proper altering era for the crystals, and allow for be accounted for when compute the part composition .Discussion later on the results of the lab, there were a few points to consider in the final analysis. start-off off, and most betaly, afterwards(prenominal) the crystals were obtained from the aqueous solution obtained by adding NaOH, the crystals were use now for the recrystalization and were not tending(p) the proper time to dry out, so the tilt of the fuddled crystals moldiness be utilize to front the contribution composition, which pull up stakes be inaccurate.Another important label was after the HCl was added to the aqueous solution, the solution cancelled glittery pick apart, indicating that some(a) of the methyl orange, which should concord remained in the organic layer in the separatory funnel, had do it into our aqueous solution. To even out this, when the nullity filtration technique was used, the substantiality decrease was wash with distiller water to go out the crystals did not contain a pink spectre to them.The cogitate this lab full treat ment was because the world-class filtration got unloose of the organic insoluble cellulose leaving methyl orange and benzoic acid in the ether mixture. Then, using the acid-base extraction technique, benzoic acid was alter to sodium benzoate, translation it soluble in aqueous solution, which allowed for the insulation of the sodium benzoate from the methyl orange (still turn in ether) and then the renewal of benzoic acid by adding a bulletproof acid to the aqueous turn salt. References MtCg pg. 129 MtCg pg. 131